What can be a consequence of not equalizing pressure in the ears while flying?

When flying, the change in altitude during ascent and descent affects the pressure in the cabin compared to the pressure in the middle ear. If equalization of pressure does not occur, it can lead to a situation known as barotrauma, which often causes pain in the eardrum. This occurs because the pressure difference can create tension on the eardrum, leading to discomfort and potential damage.

Proper equalization is typically achieved through actions such as swallowing, yawning, or using specialized techniques like the Valsalva maneuver. Without appropriately managing the pressure difference, the eardrum may experience significant strain, resulting in pain and possibly impaired hearing. This highlights the importance of equalization in maintaining ear health during flights.